Performance improvements in container terminals through the bottleneck mitigation cycle

Container terminal capacity is often limited by (in)efficiency bottlenecks. This paper provides the design and proof of concept for bottleneck mitigation cycle (BMC), consisting three steps: classification, detection alleviation. While, often, literature only focuses on alleviation a single ignores interdependencies, this research uses shifting method thereby considers variety possible infrastructural operational An empirical approach adopted to find cause detected suggest suitable measures. Application BMC simulation model Fergusson Terminal in Port Auckland resulted productivity improvements 2–6%. To further improve BMC, future directions are used apply real-time.